全自动电位滴定法测定锂电池原料碳酸锂中主成分的含量

采用全自动电位滴定法测定锂电池原料碳酸锂中主成分的含量,用盐酸标准溶液进行滴定,考虑自动电位滴定仪的灵敏性和准确度,通过多次对比实验,确定了仪器的最佳工作参数、滴定剂浓度和样品称样量等滴定条件;对两个不同品位试样分别进行了11次平行测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于1%。在碳酸锂试样中加入基准物质无水碳酸钠进行碳酸根的加标回收实验,碳酸根的加标回收率在99.4%~100%。与传统的酸碱滴定法相比,全自动电位滴定法方便、快捷,同时方法测定结果准确、可靠、精密度高,适合大批量样品快速分析。     

全自动红外吸收光谱法测定硫化矿矿石中全硫量

近年来,随着全自动红外测硫仪的快速发展,仪器性能的升级优化,加之对固体矿物质种类和高硫含量检测技术有了新的技术突破。因此将全自动红外测硫仪应用于硫化矿矿石中全硫量的测定,采用国家硫矿石标准样品中不同段的硫含量(标准值),建立标准工作曲线,再结合实际样品校正该曲线,建立了一种用全自动红外吸收光谱法测定硫化矿矿石中全硫量的检测方法。方法的主要特点是包括样品称量在内的整个测试过程由计算机控制自动完成,自动化程度极高,分析时间短,结果准确、可靠。选取当地不同矿物特性的8个样品,测定的相对标准偏差RSD(n=11)均小于2.5%,样品加标回收率为86.2%~117%,与化学法(空气或氧气燃烧-碘量法)测定结果对照,测定结果都在允许误差范围内,完全能够满足日常硫化矿矿石中全硫含量的检测要求。     

Ti-MWW分子筛吸附H2O和NH3的结构和振动光谱的密度泛函理论计算

Ti-MWW分子筛具有10元环(10MR)孔道体系和12MR超笼以及外表面杯状空穴,在以H2O2水溶液为氧化剂的催化氧化反应中表现出不同于其他钛硅分子筛的特殊溶剂效应和立体选择性.已有的实验和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算研究表明,骨架Ti(IV)可能分布在10MR孔道和12MR超笼中.最近,我们采用DFT计算研究了Ti-MWW分子筛中骨架钛落位,通过比较Ti/Si替代能和红外振动光谱,提出Ti(IV)最可能落位在T1和T3位,并以[Ti(OSi)4]形态存在,显示960 cm–1钛特征振动峰.[Ti(OSi)4]物种水解时Ti–O键发生选择性断裂,生成具有翻转Ti–OH的[Ti(OSi)3OH]物种.由于Ti中心具有Lewis酸性,与配体分子络合后使Ti(IV)的配位状态改变. Ti-MWW分子筛中不同的骨架Ti(IV)落位和形态可能呈现不同的催化选择性.本文应用DFT研究了Ti-MWW分子筛中T1和T3位上不同钛物种与H2O和NH3的吸附作用,考察了其几何结构、吸附能以及红外振动光谱性质,为深入理解骨架Ti(IV)的微观结构及实验红外光谱表征提供参考数据.计算采用36T簇模型,从MWW分子筛晶体结构中分别以T1和T3为中心截取七层骨架原子,末端设为Si–H键并固定为1.46?.结构优化时松弛内部四层骨架原子并固定最外三层骨架原子.所有计算在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)理论水平完成,计算的吸附能都经过BSSE校正,计算的频率以约化因子0.961校正.所有计算在Gaussian 09软件包完成.计算结果表明,四配位的[Ti(OSi)4]和[Ti(OSi)3OH]物种都能与H2O或NH3分子作用生成三角双锥的五配位络合物. H2O或NH3分子有选择性地进攻Ti–O键的Ti端,形成近乎直线的L–Ti–O键, L–Ti距离可达2.2–2.4?. T1位钛物种的Lewis酸性比T3位的略高.对于[Ti(OSi)3OH]物种, Ti–OH的存在使得Ti(IV)的酸性大大增强,表现出很强的吸附作用.此外,[Ti(OSi)3OH]物种也能通过Ti–OH基团与H2O和NH3形成氢键络合物,但是其吸附能比形成配位络合物的能量更小,说明配体分子更趋向于吸附在Ti中心形成配位络合物.自然键轨道分析表明, Ti(IV)中心的Lewis酸性归因于Ti的空4p轨道接受配体提供的孤对电子,并且属于LUMO+3.所有吸附络合物的特征振动频率分布在两个区域,即钛特征振动区域和羟基振动区域. T1和T3位的[Ti(OSi)4]物种的钛特征振动频率都在960 cm–1,与H2O形成五配位的吸附络合物之后,钛特征振动频率位移到970 cm–1.[Ti(OSi)3OH]物种的钛特征振动频率分别为990 cm–1(T1位)和970 cm–1(T3位),吸附H2O分子后都位移到980 cm–1.相应的NH3吸附络合物的钛特征振动峰频率都高出5 cm–1.分析表明,钛特征振动模式归属于Ti–O–Si键的不对称伸缩振动的协同振动.在羟基伸缩振动区域,气相H2O、末端Si–OH基团以及Ti–OH基团的羟基伸缩振动在3600–3760 cm–1.吸附H2O后,羟基伸缩振动移到3460–3150 cm–1区域.[Ti(OSi)3OH]物种与NH3和H2O形成氢键络合物后,钛羟基的伸缩振动频率分别红移500和1100 cm–1,出现在2700和3200 cm–1区域.吸附分子的O–H和N–H的伸缩振动频率略微蓝移,这反映了Ti物种具有Lewis酸性.     

Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as Two‐Photon Phosphorescent Probes for Specific Mitochondrial Dynamics Tracking in Living Cells

Five cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with 2‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline derivatives ( IrL1 – IrL5 ) were synthesized and developed to image and track mitochondria in living cells under two‐photon (750 nm) excitation, with two‐photon absorption cross‐sections of 48.8–65.5 GM at 750 nm. Confocal microscopy and inductive coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) demonstrated that these complexes selectively accumulate in mitochondria within 5 min, without needing additional reagents for membrane permeabilization, or replacement of the culture medium. In addition, photobleaching experiments and luminescence measurements confirmed the photostability of these complexes under continuous laser irradiation and physiological pH resistance. Moreover, results using 3D multicellular spheroids demonstrate the proficiency of these two‐photon luminescent complexes in deep penetration imaging. Two‐photon excitation using such novel complexes of iridium(III) for exclusive visualization of mitochondria in living cells may substantially enhance practical applications of bioimaging and tracking.     

Role of refractive index in sum frequency generation intensity of salt solution interfaces

Sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) has been widely used to study the interfacial chemistry of aqueous salt solutions of biological or environmental importance. Most of the SFG data analysis used the same bulk refractive index for different salt concentrations despite of the variations of the refractive indices. Here we systematically investigate the influence of the refractive index on the SFG intensities at various experimental conditions. It is discovered that the SFG intensities are the most sensitive to the refractive index at solid/liquid interfaces nearby the total internal reflection geometries. At air/liquid interfaces, the effect of the refractive indices is also nonegligible. Consequently some important SFG results, such as the response of water structures to the ionic strength at the SiO₂/aqueous interfaces, are necessary to be reevaluated. These conclusions on the effect of the small variations of the refractive index are generally useful for the common practice of SFG data analysis.     

A new phenomenon of acoustic streaming

This paper describes a new phenomenon of acoustic streaming which takes place when a Helmholtz resonator is excited by an inside sound source with resonant frequency, and takes the form of a strong turbulent jet. The flow visualizations, hot wire and LDV measurements are combined to investigate the process of acoustic streaming. It is found that this kind of acoustic streaming results from the contribution of Reynolds stress.     

Direct numerical simulations of two-layer viscosity-stratified flow

Two-dimensional simulations of flow instability at the interface of a two-layer, density-matched, viscosity-stratified Poiseuille flow are performed using a front-tracking/finite difference method. We present results for the small-amplitude (linear) growth rate of the instability at small to medium Reynolds number for varying thickness ratio n, viscosity ratio m, and wavenumber. We also present results for large-amplitude non-linear evolution of the interface for varying viscosity ratio and interfacial tension. For the linear case, the interfacial mode is neutrally stable for as predicted by analysis. The growth rate is proportional to Reynolds number for small Re, and increases with viscosity ratio. The growth rate also increases when the thickness of the more viscous layer is reduced. Strong non-linear behavior is observed for relatively large initial perturbation amplitude. The higher viscosity fluid is drawn out as a finger that penetrates into the lower viscosity layer. The simulated interface shape compares well with previously reported experiments. Increasing interfacial tension retards the growth rate of the interface as expected, whereas increasing the viscosity ratio enhances it. Drop formation at the small Reynolds number considered in this study is precluded by the two-dimensional nature of the calculations.     

Experimental investigation of a buckled beam under high-frequency excitation

In this paper, we investigate theoretically and experimentally dynamics of a buckled beam under high-frequency excitation. It is theoretically predicted from linear analysis that the high-frequency excitation shifts the pitchfork bifurcation point and increases the buckling force. The shifting amount increases as the excitation amplitude or frequency increases. Namely, under the compressive force exceeding the buckling one, high-frequency excitation can stabilize the beam to the straight position. Some experiments are performed to investigate effects of the high-frequency excitation on the buckled beam. The dependency of the buckling force on the amounts of excitation amplitude and frequency is compared with theoretical results. The transient state is observed in which the beam is recovered from the buckled position to the straight position due to the excitation. Furthermore, the bifurcation diagrams are measured in the cases with and without high-frequency excitation. It is experimentally clarified that the high-frequency excitation changes the nonlinear property of the bifurcation from supercritical pitchfork bifurcation to subcritical pitchfork bifurcation and then the stable steady state of the beam exhibits hysteresis as the compressive force is reversed. This work was partially supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, under Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research 16560377.     

跳马项目的三维实时动态测量系统

为跳马项目研究的电测系统中引入数字信号处理的传递函数及频谱分析的方法,采集和处理了因人体冲击三维力对信号的耦合干扰造成的十分复杂的响应信号,具有较高的动态测试精度.可以获得跳马动作的全部运动生物力学参数.现已用于中国国家体操队进行计算机辅助训炼.     

可可西里-金沙江地震带震级频度关系及其参数的相关性分析

本文通过可可西里-金沙江地震带震级频度关系的确定及其参数b值与a值、ν值(地震年平均发生率)和Mmax(最大震级a/b)之间的相关性分析, 以说明地震危险性概率分析中的地震活动性参数ν值与b值也应有某种相关性。当地震带未来一定时期内地震活动震级上限Muz和b值被确定后, 未来地震活动的ν值的取值范围似将受到一定的限制。如假设可可西里-金沙江地震带的Muz为8级, b值为0.73后, 相应的ν值若取13.943, 可能偏小。